Demographics are very important when analyzing the demographics of Canada. Currently, Quebec constitutes approximately 23.3% of the Canadian population. More importantly, people who claim their mother tongue is French constitute 20.5% of the Canadian population, according to Statistics Canada (estimates for 2005).
The problem with recognizing Quebec as a "nation" within Canada is that in 50 years, what will Quebec look like? What will Canada look like?
At current population growth rates (2003 estimate 0.94%), Canada's population will rise from 32.6 Million in 2006 to 52.1 Million in 2056. As the fertility rate of the nation is only 1.61 (2003 estimate), all of this population growth will come via immigration. It is unlikely that 20.5% of the immigrants required (roughly 30 million people, consider deaths in Canada) will be French-speaking. Likely they will speak Mandarin, Hindi, Urdu or Arabic.
Considering that the birthrate in Quebec is below 1.5 children per woman, this means that 25% of the Francophone population will disappear each generation (approximately 25 years). This of course assumes that the francophone population and Quebec population are essentially the same people (arguably the ones who are the "nation of Quebec").
Doing the math, this results in a key finding: The francophone population of Canada in 2056 will be 3.77 Million, which is only 7.2% of the country as a whole. Assuming that Quebec continues to attract immigrants at the same rate as the rest of Canada, the population of Quebec will be 12.1 Million. This means that francophones will only make up 31% of the Quebec population.
Therefore, if we entrench the idea of the "Quebec Nation" in the constitution, or elsewhere in legislation, it is going to be a big problem in 50 years because the people that make up this supposed nation will be a minority in their own territory... How much life will bilingualism have once there are no provinces with a majority Francophone population? My prediction is that Quebec's francophone majority will cease to be a majority in 2034. Mark that date...
So entrenching Quebec's "special status" based on linguistic or culutral heritage is ridiculous, because in 50 years this country will look
very different.